Indiana Curriculum Completion Audit

Verified: IC 32-17-2-1 establishes tenancy in common as the general result for a conveyance or devise to two or more persons unless qualifying joint-tenancy and survivorship intent appears, subject to the statute's listed exceptions. IC 32-17-3 contains tenancy-by-the-entireties provisions for spouses. IC 32-21-1-13 requires covered conveyances to be in writing, signed by the proper transferor, and acknowledged or proved. Current 876 IAC Article 8 places broker-company direction and supervision with a managing broker.

Still open: Complete the current-authority review of probate-specific title outcomes, deed interpretation beyond the cited statutory requirements, creditor and severance consequences, and the precise boundary between general broker explanation, form completion, and unauthorized legal advice. These matters remain flagged and are not presented as broker-made legal conclusions.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Title 32, Indiana Code Title 29, 876 IAC Article 8, Commission guidance, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: Indiana regulates professional surveying under IC 25-21.5. The statutory scope includes boundary-location work and preparation of legal descriptions for conveyance instruments. Current 865 IAC 1-12 establishes competent-practice standards for retracement, original, route, and location-report work; its plat standards require survey identification, dimensions, bearings, monuments, relevant possession evidence, adjoining parcels, gaps and overlaps, and specified water features. IC 32-19 governs use of Indiana's coordinate system in real-property descriptions. IC 36-7-3 requires qualifying subdivision plats to be approved and recorded through the applicable local process before lot sales.

Still open: Complete controlling-case review for priority among conflicting deed calls and monuments, boundary establishment by agreement or acquiescence, accretion, erosion, reliction, avulsion, navigability and riparian ownership, description sufficiency in disputed instruments, and county-specific recorder, auditor, surveyor, and planning requirements. These outcomes remain fact- and locality-specific and are not presented as broker-made legal conclusions.

Authority set: Current IC 25-21.5, IC 32-19, IC 36-7-3, 865 IAC 1-12, county recording requirements, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 32-17-2-1 establishes tenancy in common as the general result for a conveyance or devise to two or more persons unless the instrument expresses or manifests qualifying joint-tenancy and survivorship intent, subject to statutory exceptions. IC 32-17-3 recognizes tenancy by the entirety for spouses and supplies statutory rules for that marital estate. These authorities support the chapter's instruction not to infer survivorship merely because multiple names appear on a deed.

Still open: Complete current appellate review of unilateral and mutual severance, mortgages and liens, creditor access, divorce conversion and allocation, death during dissolution, ambiguous deed language, partition, and probate interaction. These consequences remain dependent on the instrument and facts and are not presented as broker-made title opinions.

Authority set: Current IC 32-17, IC 31-15, Indiana probate authority, and controlling Indiana appellate decisions.

Verified: IC 36-7 provides Indiana's statutory framework for local planning, zoning, subdivision control, plan commissions, and boards of zoning appeals. IC 32-24 supplies the principal statutory eminent-domain and condemnation framework. Indiana Constitution Article 1, Section 21—not Article 10—contains the state just-compensation protection for property taken for public use. These authorities support the chapter's distinction between statewide enabling law and locally administered approvals.

Still open: Complete current-authority review of the precise variance findings, special-use terminology and procedures, administrative appeals, lawful nonconforming use continuation, abandonment and reconstruction, spot-zoning challenges, regulatory takings, inverse condemnation, local enforcement remedies, and each applicable local ordinance. No approval or vested-right outcome is presented as automatic.

Authority set: Current IC 36-7, IC 32-24, Indiana Constitution Article 1 Section 21, applicable local ordinances, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: Indiana Code Title 32 contains the principal statutory frameworks relevant to conveyances and recording, condominiums, homeowners associations, and fences. IC 32-21-1-13 requires covered conveyances of land or interests in land to be in writing, signed by the proper transferor, and acknowledged or proved. IC 32-25 and IC 32-25.5 supply statutory frameworks for condominiums and homeowners associations. These authorities support the chapter's instruction to examine recorded instruments and association documents rather than relying on marketing claims or public zoning alone.

Still open: Complete controlling-case and statutory review of easements by necessity, implication and prescription; the applicable prescriptive period and required proof; covenant running, amendment, waiver, abandonment, changed conditions and expiration; discriminatory covenant treatment; association powers and disclosure duties; encroachment and party-wall remedies; easement relocation, maintenance, merger, release and abandonment; and limitations periods. Each result remains instrument- and fact-specific.

Authority set: Current IC 32-21, IC 32-25, IC 32-25.5, IC 32-26, federal fair-housing authority, and controlling Indiana appellate decisions.

Verified: IC Title 6, principally Article 1.1, supplies Indiana's property-tax framework. Current DLGF guidance confirms that assessed value is the starting point, deductions reduce the value used to calculate tax, credits reduce liability, and circuit-breaker caps generally limit taxes to 1% of gross assessed value for homesteads, 2% for other residential property and agricultural land, and 3% for other real and personal property, subject to statutory adjustments and exceptions. DLGF confirms that assessment notices originate with county or township assessors and that taxpayers may appeal an assessment. The Indiana Board of Tax Review reviews qualifying appeals from PTABOA determinations involving assessments, exemptions, deductions, and credits.

Still open: Verify the current eligibility, amount, filing, change-reporting, and renewal rules for each deduction or exemption; the controlling assessment year and deadline for the initial county appeal; county billing and installment practices; all circuit-breaker classifications, referendum and statutory exceptions, and calculation details; property-tax lien priority; tax-sale eligibility, notice, sale, redemption amount and period, deed, surplus, and challenge procedures; and the creation, allocation, lien, payoff, and appeal rules for each special assessment. These items remain dependent on current statutes, forms, facts, and county procedures and are not presented as fixed broker advice.

Authority set: Current IC Title 6, DLGF guidance, IBTR guidance, and applicable county procedures.

Verified: Indiana separately regulates real estate brokers and real estate appraisers under Indiana Code Title 25 and the current administrative framework. The Indiana Professional Licensing Agency maintains separate licensing and regulatory information for the Indiana Real Estate Commission and the Real Estate Appraiser Licensure and Certification Board. These authorities support the chapter's instruction to distinguish a brokerage pricing analysis from a credentialed appraisal and to avoid representing a CMA or BPO as a certified appraisal.

Still open: Complete the section-level statutory and rule review of each broker exemption from appraiser licensure; permitted CMA and BPO purposes; required labels, disclosures, and compensation conditions; appraisal-review activity; federally related transactions; credential classifications and assignment limits; current USPAP incorporation; disciplinary interpretations; and pending or newly effective rulemaking. Whether a particular lender, court, tax, estate, condemnation, or other assignment requires a credentialed appraisal remains assignment-specific.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Title 25, 876 IAC, Indiana Real Estate Commission and Real Estate Appraiser Board guidance, and applicable federal appraisal authority.

Verified: Indiana Code Title 25 and the current administrative framework separately regulate real estate brokers and credentialed real estate appraisers. The Indiana Professional Licensing Agency maintains distinct official licensing information for the Indiana Real Estate Commission and the Real Estate Appraiser Licensure and Certification Board. These authorities support the chapter's instruction to identify brokerage pricing work accurately and not imply an appraiser credential or certified appraisal that the broker does not hold or provide.

Still open: Complete section-level review of each broker exemption from appraiser licensure; permitted CMA and BPO assignment purposes; required labels and disclosures; compensation conditions; appraisal-review authority; federally related transaction requirements; credential classifications and assignment limits; current professional-standard incorporation; disciplinary interpretations; and pending or newly effective rulemaking. Whether a lender, court, estate, tax, condemnation, or other assignment requires a credentialed appraisal remains assignment-specific.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Title 25, 876 IAC, Indiana Real Estate Commission and Real Estate Appraiser Board guidance, and applicable federal appraisal authority.

Verified: Indiana Code Title 25 and the current administrative framework separately regulate real estate brokers and credentialed real estate appraisers. The Indiana Professional Licensing Agency provides separate official regulatory information for the Indiana Real Estate Commission and the Real Estate Appraiser Licensure and Certification Board. These authorities support accurate identification of a CMA or BPO as brokerage pricing work and avoiding any implication of an appraiser credential or certified appraisal that the broker does not hold or provide.

Still open: Complete section-level review of the exact exemptions and limits for an Indiana CMA or BPO; required connection to an existing or prospective brokerage relationship; permitted lender, relocation, foreclosure, estate, tax, litigation, and other purposes; separate-fee and compensation conditions; required labels and disclosures; appraisal-review authority; federal transaction overlays; records and supervision; disciplinary interpretations; and pending or newly effective rules. No universal exemption or fee rule is treated as settled.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Title 25, 876 IAC, Indiana Real Estate Commission and Real Estate Appraiser Board guidance, and applicable federal appraisal authority.

Verified: Indiana Code Title 32 contains the principal statutory framework for mortgages, mortgage foreclosure, and qualifying residential mortgage-foreclosure settlement conferences. Current Indiana Judicial Branch guidance confirms that a borrower in a qualifying foreclosure action may request the statutory settlement-conference process described in IC 32-30-10.5. These authorities support the chapter's instruction that foreclosure is a legal enforcement process and that a broker must not promise foreclosure or surrender will eliminate personal debt.

Still open: Complete current-authority review of Indiana's precise mortgage-theory characterization; execution, acknowledgment, recording, assignment, priority, subordination, satisfaction and release; acceleration and notice; foreclosure parties and procedure; settlement-conference eligibility and timing; sheriff-sale notice, bidding, deed and surplus; pre-sale or post-sale redemption; deficiency judgment availability and limits; limitation periods; federal servicing and due-on-sale overlays; and broker boundaries from legal, lending, title, and foreclosure-consulting work. Outcomes remain instrument-, lien-, property-, borrower-, and case-specific.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Title 32, Indiana court procedures and guidance, Indiana broker-licensing authority, applicable federal law, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: Indiana's Department of Financial Institutions regulates consumer-credit activities including mortgage lenders and individual mortgage loan originators. Current DFI guidance states that a person who performs mortgage-loan-origination activities as defined by Indiana law must hold the appropriate MLO authority, with regulator and sponsorship depending on the employer. These authorities support the chapter's distinction between real estate brokerage and regulated mortgage origination and its warning not to promise lender approval.

Still open: Complete current-authority review of the exact definition of mortgage-loan-origination activity; entity and individual exemptions; DFI-versus-Secretary-of-State jurisdiction; temporary authority; sponsorship; advertising and payment-example disclosures; loan-product and assistance-program representations; referral compensation; affiliated-business disclosures; lead generation; records, privacy and data security; federal SAFE Act, TILA, RESPA and fair-lending overlays; and Indiana Real Estate Commission supervision and advertising duties. Product terms, secondary-market limits, and underwriting standards remain time-sensitive.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Title 24, Indiana DFI and Secretary of State mortgage authority, Indiana Real Estate Commission authority, and applicable federal lending law.

Verified: The Indiana Housing and Community Development Authority currently publishes homeownership programs and directs consumers and real estate professionals to program guides, participating lenders, and current income and acquisition limits. Indiana DFI separately regulates mortgage lenders and mortgage loan originators; current DFI guidance states that a person performing defined mortgage-loan-origination activities must hold the appropriate authority. Indiana fair-housing guidance expressly includes equal access to mortgage financing and identifies mortgage lenders and real estate agents among covered housing participants. These authorities support the chapter's instruction to use current program sources, refer financing determinations to authorized professionals, and compare offers without financing stereotypes.

Still open: Complete section-level review of each IHCDA program's current eligibility, first-time-buyer and targeted-area rules, income and acquisition limits, rates, reservation fees, assistance amount and structure, participating-lender requirements, education, occupancy, lien, repayment, recapture, refinancing, assumption, resale, funding availability, forms and deadlines; exact MLO activity definitions and exemptions; advertising, lead-generation and referral-compensation rules; affiliated-business disclosures; broker records and supervision; Indiana and local fair-housing enforcement details; and current FHA, VA and USDA limits, premiums, funding fees, concessions, appraisal standards, assumptions and eligibility rules. No changing amount, qualification, approval, exemption, or closing outcome is guaranteed.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Title 24, IHCDA program guidance, Indiana DFI mortgage authority, Indiana Civil Rights Commission guidance, Indiana Real Estate Commission authority, and applicable federal program law.

Verified: Indiana DFI's Consumer Credit Division regulates mortgage lenders and individual mortgage loan originators, administers Indiana consumer-credit statutes and specified federal regulations, and states that its work includes licensing, examinations, renewals, complaints, and oversight of covered entities that advertise or solicit Indiana consumers. The Indiana Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division investigates deceptive and predatory business practices and may act for the state under the Deceptive Consumer Sales Act; its homeowner-protection materials address mortgage and real-estate misconduct and professional-licensing referrals. Current federal regulations support the chapter's core distinctions: Regulation Z addresses consumer-credit disclosures and advertising; Regulation X addresses covered mortgage settlement practices, kickbacks, affiliated business arrangements, escrow and servicing; Regulation B addresses discrimination in covered credit transactions; Regulation C requires covered institutions to report specified mortgage-lending data; and Regulation V implements portions of FCRA.

Still open: Complete section-level review of Indiana's mortgage-lender and MLO jurisdiction, definitions, exemptions, sponsorship, advertising, solicitation, borrower notices, fees, prohibited practices, examinations, records, complaints and remedies; Real Estate Commission advertising, supervision, referral, affiliated-business, compensation and record duties; Deceptive Consumer Sales Act coverage and remedies; Indiana privacy, breach-notification and consumer-data requirements and exemptions; and all applicable federal coverage tests, definitions, trigger terms, tolerances, thresholds, timing, forms, rescission, adverse-action, appraisal-copy, servicing, referral, affiliated-business, consumer-report, privacy, data-security and enforcement rules. Regulation B and other federal authorities changed in 2026, so exact discouragement, disparate-impact, special-purpose-credit, reporting, and protected-treatment propositions require current-version confirmation rather than reliance on older summaries.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Titles 24 and 25, 750 IAC, Indiana DFI, Indiana Attorney General, Indiana Real Estate Commission, and current federal lending regulations.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-10 supplies Indiana's statutory real-estate-agency framework, including client and customer concepts, seller/landlord and buyer/tenant duties, limited agency, in-house representation, written office policy, compensation, commencement, termination, surviving confidentiality and accounting duties, and misrepresentation liability. Current PLA guidance confirms that, effective July 1, 2024, Indiana licensees must use written representation agreements for seller and buyer clients; the agreements may be paper or electronic, must contain a definite expiration date, and a copy must be provided to the client within three business days after signing. PLA also directs retention of the original agreement and electronic files. IC 25-34.1-10 states that compensation alone does not create an agency relationship and requires written consent for a licensee acting as limited agent.

Still open: Complete section-level review of the precise current definitions and operation of agency, customer assistance, in-house agency and limited agency; every mandatory term and prohibited provision in listing and buyer agreements; timing of agreement execution for each activity; renewal, extension, amendment and termination; office-policy delivery before confidential information; all limited-agency disclosures and informed-consent language; statutory duties to clients and nonclients; material-fact and fraud standards; confidentiality exceptions; personal-interest and compensation disclosures; managing-broker supervision; document delivery, electronic signature, storage, retention and audit requirements; authorized forms; discipline and civil liability; and controlling appellate interpretations. General common-law agency concepts must not override Indiana's statutory brokerage requirements.

Authority set: Current IC 25-34.1-10 and IC 25-34.1-12, 876 IAC Article 8, Indiana Real Estate Commission and PLA guidance, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-10 separately addresses seller/landlord and buyer/tenant representation, duties to clients and other parties, limited agency, in-house agency, confidentiality, compensation and written office policy. A licensee personally representing both sides is a limited agent and must obtain the written consent required by the statute. In an in-house agency relationship, the individual affiliated licensee represents that licensee's client, subject to the statute's confidentiality and managing-broker framework. IC 32-21-5 contains Indiana's residential real-estate sales-disclosure framework. IC 32-21-6 defines psychologically affected property, generally does not require an owner or agent to disclose knowledge of that status, and prohibits intentional misrepresentation about it in response to a transferee's direct inquiry. These stigma provisions do not erase independently applicable physical-condition, contamination, fraud, fair-housing, privacy or other legal duties.

Still open: Complete section-level review of each representation model and customer-assistance arrangement; all written-agreement and limited-agency consent language, timing and renewal; office-policy disclosure; in-house confidentiality safeguards and managing-broker access; statutory duties and material-fact standards; current residential disclosure form, covered transfers, exemptions, delivery, amendment and remedies; licensee ownership, family, entity and beneficial-interest disclosures; compensation, rebates, referrals and affiliated services; fair-housing and privacy limits on questions and responses; the precise scope and current definition of psychologically affected property; direct-inquiry handling; contamination and controlled-substance overlays; records, supervision, discipline and civil liability; and controlling appellate interpretations. No signature alone is treated as proof of legally sufficient informed consent in every circumstance.

Authority set: Current IC 25-34.1-10, IC 25-34.1-12, IC 32-21-5 and IC 32-21-6, 876 IAC Article 8, Indiana Real Estate Commission guidance, current state forms, federal fair-housing authority, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-10-14 states that statutory brokerage duties begin with the agency relationship and continue until termination. If the relationship is not fulfilled or completed, it ends at the earlier of the agreement's expiration or termination by the parties. After termination, expiration, or completion, the licensee continues to owe the statutory duties to account for money and property received and to keep client-requested information confidential, subject to the statute's exceptions. Current PLA guidance also confirms that Indiana seller and buyer representation agreements must be written, must contain a definite expiration date, must be copied to the client within three business days after signing, and that original and electronic agreement files must be retained.

Still open: Complete section-level review of termination notices and methods; renewal, extension and protection clauses; cancellation fees and commission rights; death, incapacity, bankruptcy and entity dissolution; apparent-authority notice; the precise scope and exceptions of surviving confidentiality, accounting, property-return and record duties; managing-broker supervision; trust money, keys, advertising and system-access closure; applicable retention periods; complaints and discipline; misrepresentation, negligence, fiduciary, contract, statutory and vicarious liability; authorized forms and unauthorized-practice boundaries; and controlling appellate interpretations. No universal result is stated for a death, incapacity, protection-period, damages, liability or discipline scenario.

Authority set: Current IC 25-34.1-10, 876 IAC Article 8, Indiana Real Estate Commission and PLA guidance, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 32-21-1 supplies Indiana's statutory writing framework for covered agreements involving interests in real property. IC 26-2-8, Indiana's Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, provides that a record or signature may not be denied legal effect solely because it is electronic and that an electronic record or signature may satisfy a legal writing or signature requirement when the Act applies. The Act applies only to transactions in which the parties have agreed to conduct business electronically, determined from context and conduct, and it does not make an incomplete message a complete contract or override other substantive requirements. Current PLA guidance separately confirms that seller and buyer representation agreements must be written, may be paper or electronic, must contain a definite expiration date, must be copied to the client within three business days after signing, and must be retained with related electronic files.

Still open: Complete section-level review of every transaction covered by or excluded from Indiana's Statute of Frauds and Uniform Electronic Transactions Act; required parties, signatures and essential terms; aggregation of multiple records; attribution, acknowledgment, delivery, receipt, consent withdrawal and consumer disclosures; electronic notarization and recording; exceptions and equitable doctrines; current purchase, listing, buyer-agency, lease, option and other form requirements; offer and acceptance timing; counteroffers; authority and capacity; amendments and addenda; record-copy delivery and retention periods; managing-broker supervision; approved or attorney-prepared forms; licensee drafting and explanation limits; unauthorized-practice standards; remedies; and controlling appellate interpretations. No text, email, click, signature, form, deadline, exception or enforceability result is treated as universally sufficient.

Authority set: Current IC 32-21-1, IC 26-2-8, IC 25-34.1-10 and IC 25-34.1-12, 876 IAC Article 8, Indiana Real Estate Commission and PLA guidance, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-10 places timely offer and counteroffer handling within Indiana's statutory duties to represented sellers, landlords, buyers, and tenants, subject to the statute and lawful client direction. The same chapter distinguishes duties to clients from duties to other parties and requires reasonable skill and care. IC 32-21-5 supplies Indiana's residential real-estate sales-disclosure framework for covered transfers. IC 26-2-8 recognizes qualifying electronic records and signatures when the parties have agreed to transact electronically, but electronic format does not replace required content, authority, consent, or delivery. Current PLA guidance confirms that seller and buyer representation agreements must be written, may be paper or electronic, contain a definite expiration date, be copied to the client within three business days after signing, and be retained with related electronic files.

Still open: Complete section-level review of offer and counteroffer presentation timing, written waivers, client instructions, multiple-offer procedures, disclosure of offer existence or terms, confidentiality and escalation; formation, acceptance, communication, rejection, revocation, expiration and death or incapacity; earnest-money receipt, delivery, deposit, accounts, records, interest, commingling, conversion, holder duties, interpleader, mutual release, disputed disbursement and abandoned funds; residential disclosure coverage, exemptions, form, delivery, amendment and remedies; lead-based-paint and other federal overlays; electronic consent, attribution, transmission, receipt and record integrity; every purchase-agreement, addendum, amendment, notice, inspection, financing, appraisal, title, association, possession and closing form requirement; broker drafting boundaries; retention periods; discipline; and controlling decisions. No universal deadline, form, escrow outcome, disclosure result or contract-formation conclusion is stated.

Authority set: Current IC 25-34.1-10 and IC 25-34.1-12, IC 32-21-5, IC 26-2-8, 876 IAC Articles 8 and 9, Indiana Real Estate Commission and PLA guidance, current state forms, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: Indiana's remedy analysis is governed by the parties' agreement together with applicable statutes, procedural rules, equitable principles, and controlling decisions; no breach produces an automatic universal remedy. Indiana Code Title 25 and 876 IAC Article 8 regulate real-estate brokerage practice and the handling and accounting of transaction funds, supporting the chapter's instruction that a broker holding disputed earnest money must remain within the authorized escrow process and must not decide entitlement by personal judgment. Indiana Code Titles 32 and 34 provide property and civil-procedure frameworks, while Indiana appellate decisions supply fact-specific standards for contract formation, material breach, damages, liquidated-damages clauses, specific performance, mitigation, waiver and equitable defenses.

Still open: Complete agreement- and case-specific review of full and substantial performance; material and anticipatory breach; tender and concurrent conditions; waiver, estoppel, rescission, cancellation and release; impossibility, impracticability, frustration, casualty and condemnation; compensatory, consequential, incidental, punitive and liquidated damages; penalty analysis; mitigation and proof; specific performance, restitution, injunction and lis pendens; election and exclusivity of remedies; attorney fees, costs, interest and limitation periods; notice, cure and electronic delivery; mediation, arbitration, litigation and venue; earnest-money deposit, custody, records, conflicting demands, release, interpleader, abandoned funds and discipline; current form language; and controlling decisions. No deposit forfeiture, damages measure, equitable remedy, deadline, fee award or dispute outcome is treated as automatic.

Authority set: Current IC 25-34.1, Indiana Code Titles 32 and 34, 876 IAC Article 8, Indiana Real Estate Commission guidance, current transaction forms, Indiana Rules of Trial Procedure, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 32-21 contains Indiana's principal statutory framework for conveyance procedures. Current State Board of Accounts guidance for county recorders confirms that a conveyance entitled to recording is recorded in the county where the land is located with the required acknowledgment or proof certificate; recorders record proper instruments in received order and note the day and hour of receipt. Current county guidance also confirms practical recordability requirements involving acknowledgment, printed signer and notary names, document-preparer identification, Social Security number redaction affirmation, grantee address, formatting, and county-auditor processing. These recording requirements do not establish that a forged, unauthorized, undelivered, or otherwise invalid deed becomes valid merely because it was accepted for recording.

Still open: Complete instrument- and county-specific review of deed parties, capacity, consideration recitals, words of conveyance, legal descriptions, signing, witnessing, acknowledgment, proof, delivery, acceptance and correction; general and special warranty, quitclaim, fiduciary, sheriff, tax and other deed language and covenants; marital interests, spousal joinder and homestead effects; transfer-on-death deed creation, beneficiaries, revocation, recording and creditor rights; powers of attorney; trusts, estates, guardianships, corporations, LLCs and other fiduciary or entity authority; auditor, assessor, sales-disclosure, tax and recorder processing; document preparation, affirmation, margins, type size, fees and local workflow; electronic notarization and recording; recording priority and constructive notice; exempt transfers; broker preparation and unauthorized-practice boundaries; title insurance; and controlling decisions. No deed form, joinder rule, transfer-on-death result, authority conclusion, fee or county submission process is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Titles 23, 29, 30, 32, 33 and 36, State Board of Accounts county-recorder guidance, county-recorder standards, Indiana Real Estate Commission guidance, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: Indiana Code Title 32 contains the state's principal mortgage-foreclosure, property-claim, partition, and conveyance frameworks; Title 6 contains the property-tax enforcement framework; and Title 29 contains the Probate Code governing estate administration and succession. Current Indiana Judicial Branch guidance confirms that a borrower in a qualifying mortgage-foreclosure action may request the statutory settlement-conference process under IC 32-30-10.5, and the creditor's summons must include notice of that right. These authorities support the chapter's instruction that foreclosure and tax sale are formal legal processes, that a sale receipt or filing does not by itself establish immediately marketable title, and that death does not authorize an unappointed relative to bind estate property.

Still open: Complete process- and property-specific review of mortgage default, acceleration, notice, necessary parties, settlement-conference eligibility and timing, judgment, sheriff's sale, bidding, deed, surplus, possession, reinstatement, payoff, pre-sale or post-sale redemption, deficiency claims, limitation periods and bankruptcy overlays; property-tax liens, sale eligibility, notice, bidding, certificates, redemption, tax deeds, quiet title and federal claims; adverse-possession elements, evidentiary standard, tax-payment requirement, statutory period, disability, tacking, boundary claims, prescriptive easements and judicial confirmation; will execution, revocation, probate, supervised and unsupervised administration, claims, allowances, elective and spousal rights, intestate shares, disclaimers, nonprobate transfers, small-estate procedures, personal-representative powers, fiduciary sales, approvals, deeds and escheat; partition, condemnation and other court-ordered transfers; broker scope; and controlling decisions. No redemption period, deficiency result, tax-sale title result, adverse-possession period, heirship share, probate shortcut or fiduciary authority is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Titles 6, 29, 30, 32 and 34, Indiana Rules of Trial Procedure, Indiana Judicial Branch and Attorney General guidance, county and court procedures, Indiana Real Estate Commission guidance, federal bankruptcy authority, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 32-21 and IC 36-2-11 provide Indiana's principal recording and county-recorder framework. Current State Board of Accounts guidance confirms that proper instruments are recorded in received order, with day and hour of receipt noted, and that a recordable conveyance is recorded in the county where the land lies with the required acknowledgment or proof certificate. Current Indiana Department of Insurance guidance confirms that title insurance is contractual coverage against covered title loss, subject to policy limits, exclusions and exceptions; an owner's policy and lender's policy protect different insured interests. Current IRS authority confirms that a filed Notice of Federal Tax Lien gives public notice and that federal priority against purchasers, security-interest holders, mechanic's lienors and judgment lien creditors depends on federal filing and priority rules rather than a universal state-only first-in-time shortcut.

Still open: Complete instrument-, lien-, policy- and case-specific review of Indiana's recording-act classification; recordability, indexing, chain of title, actual, constructive and inquiry notice; bona fide purchaser status and competing conveyances; judgment-lien creation, attachment, duration, renewal, exemptions and release; mechanic's-lien claimants, property, work commencement, preliminary notice, filing, service, relation back, priority, enforcement, defenses and discharge; mortgage execution, assignment, modification, payoff, satisfaction and statutory release remedies; property-tax and special-assessment priority; federal tax-lien filing, priority, subordination, discharge, release and withdrawal; lis pendens; quiet title, reformation, corrective instruments and marketability; title-insurer, agent, escrow and closing-protection regulation; rates, forms, endorsements, commitments, exceptions, exclusions and claims; broker disclosure and referral duties; and controlling decisions. No lien deadline, duration, priority, release obligation, recording outcome, coverage conclusion or title cure is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code Titles 6, 27, 32, 34 and 36, State Board of Accounts and county-recorder guidance, Indiana Department of Insurance authority, Indiana Real Estate Commission guidance, current federal tax-lien law, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 32-21 and IC 36-2-11 provide Indiana's principal conveyance-recording and county-recorder framework, including recording a qualifying conveyance in the county where the land lies with the required acknowledgment or proof. Indiana Department of Insurance guidance confirms that title insurance is contractual protection against covered title loss and that owner's and lender's policies protect different insured interests. Current CFPB Regulation Z guidance confirms that, for a covered transaction, the consumer must receive the initial Closing Disclosure no later than three business days before consummation and that only specified material changes trigger a new three-business-day period. Current INBiz guidance confirms that Indiana recognizes authorized remote notarization through approved two-way audio-visual technology and requires a separately authorized active Indiana notary.

Still open: Complete section-, instrument-, account-, transaction- and locality-specific review of who may prepare or conduct each closing function; title-agent, escrow and closing-protection requirements; broker earnest-money and trust-account handling; acceptable good funds and disbursement timing; settlement-statement preparation and correction; tax, rent, interest and association prorations; deed, mortgage, affidavit, entity, estate and power-of-attorney execution; delivery, funding, recording and gap risk; mortgage payoff, satisfaction and release duties and remedies; electronic signatures, remote notarization, electronic recording and county submission standards; possession and post-closing occupancy; record retention, privacy, cyberfraud and wire controls; broker supervision, referral, disclosure and unauthorized-practice boundaries; and controlling Indiana decisions. No universal closing-agent rule, fund type, disbursement deadline, proration convention, release period, retention period or document-preparation authority is treated as settled.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, Commission rules, county-recorder standards, Department of Insurance guidance, federal disclosure law, and controlling Indiana authority.

Verified: IC 32-21-5 supplies Indiana's residential real estate sales-disclosure framework for covered residential real estate containing not more than four dwelling units, subject to statutory exclusions. The disclosure form reports the owner's actual knowledge, is not a warranty, and does not replace an inspection. IC 32-21-5-10 requires a covered owner to complete, sign, and submit the form to the prospective buyer before accepting an offer. IC 32-21-5-12 requires disclosure at or before settlement of a material change in physical condition or certification that the condition is substantially unchanged. IC 25-34.1-10-10 requires a seller or landlord representative to treat prospective buyers or tenants honestly, avoid knowingly false information, and disclose actually known adverse material physical facts or risks and required statutory or regulatory facts that a reasonable timely inspection could not discover; it does not impose an independent-inspection duty on that licensee. IC 32-21-6 generally does not require an owner or agent to volunteer psychologically affected-property facts, but prohibits intentional misrepresentation when responding to a direct inquiry. The Indiana Real Estate Commission's 2026 rulemaking docket identifies updated State Form 46234 (R9/2-26) and records Commission adoption on March 11, 2026.

Still open: Confirm the operative effective date and incorporation status of State Form 46234 (R9/2-26) before production use; every current covered-transfer and exemption classification; the form's required contents, signatures, delivery proof, electronic delivery and amendment procedure; late-delivery, rescission, deposit-return, damages, limitation and other remedies; actual-knowledge proof and permissible third-party reliance; seller, buyer, limited-agent and in-house-agent duties; what qualifies as an adverse material fact or reasonable timely inspection; nonphysical transaction facts, title, zoning, permits, boundaries, insurance and environmental issues; psychologically affected-property requests, privacy and health-information handling; fair-housing and civil-rights overlays; lead-based-paint and other federal disclosures; approved transaction forms; advertising, supervision, records, retention, discipline and controlling Indiana decisions. No exemption, form version, deadline, remedy, materiality conclusion or disclosure outcome is treated as universal outside the verified statutory propositions.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, official disclosure forms, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, federal fair-housing authority, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: Current EPA authority confirms that the federal Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Rule generally applies before sale or lease of most housing built before 1978: known lead-based paint and hazards and available reports must be disclosed, the approved pamphlet and contract warning/acknowledgments must be provided, and buyers generally receive a ten-day inspection or risk-assessment opportunity that may be changed or waived in writing. The rule does not itself require a seller to test or abate. Indiana's current radon program states that persons providing residential radon testing, analysis, or mitigation services must be certified under 410 IAC 5.1. IDEM identifies IC 13-23 and 329 IAC 9 as Indiana's regulated underground-storage-tank framework, requires regulated systems to be registered, and requires suspected or confirmed releases to be reported within 24 hours; current closure guidance requires advance approval/notice, an environmental site assessment, and a closure report. IC 13-11-2-19.3 supplies Indiana's brownfield definition. IDEM administers state-regulated wetland authority under IC 13-18-22 and Section 401 water-quality certification, while federal Section 404 permits are administered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Indiana's Department of Health identifies IC 16-41-20 and 410 IAC 38 as the drug-lab-property cleanup framework and states that qualifying contaminated property must be cleaned before continued occupancy, use, reoccupancy, or sale.

Still open: Complete property-, material-, program- and locality-specific review of all federal lead coverage and exemptions, electronic delivery, records, renovation rules and enforcement; Indiana radon certification categories, testing protocols, disclosure and remedies; asbestos identification, renovation, demolition, worker, transport and disposal rules; mold and indoor-air duties; hazardous-substance, CERCLA, petroleum, solid-waste, brownfield, voluntary-remediation, institutional-control, environmental-restrictive-covenant and lien consequences; regulated and excluded tank classifications, registration, financial responsibility, closure, release, corrective action and transfer duties; well construction, water quality, septic approval, inspection, repair and local health requirements; wetland and water jurisdiction, exemptions, permits, mitigation and changing federal definitions; floodway, floodplain, local permitting, insurance and mapping; illegal-drug contamination testing, action levels, vacancy, cleanup, certification, records and disclosure; federal, state and local agency overlap; broker actual-knowledge, advertising, disclosure, referral, supervision and record duties; and controlling decisions. No map, database entry, tank status, test result, permit, closure letter, remediation status or professional opinion is treated as a universal guarantee.

Authority set: Current federal environmental law, Indiana Code, IDEM rules and databases, Indiana Department of Health and DNR guidance, local requirements, Commission rules, and controlling decisions.

Verified: Indiana Code Title 32 supplies the principal statutory landlord–tenant framework. IC 32-31-3-12 requires a landlord, after termination of the rental agreement and delivery of possession, to return the security deposit less permitted deductions and provide written itemization within 45 days; the landlord is not liable until the tenant supplies a written mailing address, and the deposit is not rent unless the parties agree otherwise. IC 32-31-8-5 requires delivery of residential premises in safe, clean and habitable condition, compliance with applicable health and housing codes, reasonable care of common areas, and reasonable efforts to maintain provided electrical, plumbing, sanitary, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, elevator and inducement-appliance systems. IC 32-31-7-5 establishes tenant duties involving cleanliness, reasonable use, damage prevention, reasonable rules and smoke detectors without displacing landlord duties. IC 32-31-9 provides qualifying victim protections, including statutory lock-change procedures. Indiana Judicial Branch guidance confirms that removing a tenant generally requires the formal court process. The Indiana Civil Rights Commission currently identifies race, color, religion, sex, disability, national origin, ancestry and familial status as protected classes in housing.

Still open: Complete current-authority review of lease formation and Statute of Frauds issues; exact estate, renewal and holdover consequences; access standards and remedies; every notice, cure and termination rule; rent acceptance and waiver; eviction grounds, service, hearings, orders, writs and appeals; abandoned property; retaliation; habitability enforcement and tenant remedies; every domestic-violence prerequisite, cost, reimbursement and early-termination provision; servicemember and subsidized-housing overlays; federal and Indiana accommodation, assistance-animal, accessibility, exemption, complaint and remedy rules; deposit definitions, exclusions, transfer, damage calculations, bad-faith remedies and litigation; local ordinances; property-management licensing, trust-account, supervision and record duties; and controlling decisions. No fact-specific deadline, eviction result, remedy, exemption or brokerage conclusion is treated as universal beyond the verified propositions.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, Indiana court rules and forms, Indiana Civil Rights Commission guidance, Real Estate Commission rules, federal housing law, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-3-2 generally requires a license when a person, for consideration, leases, rents, manages, lists, or performs other enumerated real-estate acts in Indiana, while preserving listed exemptions that must be applied precisely. IC 25-34.1-4-5 requires each broker company to maintain one or more clearly identified trust accounts, deposit funds belonging to others into them, exclude personal and other business funds, and keep detailed beneficiary-level records; the 2025 amendment places the statutory account duty on the broker company. Current 876 IAC 8-1-1 makes the managing broker responsible for directing, supervising, and managing the broker company and primarily responsible to the Commission for company actions. 876 IAC 8-1-13 requires a broker company collecting money while performing regulated acts to establish an escrow/trust account at a federally insured financial institution and provide a detailed account summary when requested in an authorized investigation. 876 IAC 8-1-7 restricts unlicensed assistants from licensed functions such as showing property, explaining leases, conducting open houses, and negotiating management fees. 876 IAC 8-1-8 requires broker advertising to identify the broker company and prohibits offering property for rent or lease without written owner authorization. 876 IAC 8-2-7 treats failure to account for and remit others' funds, undisclosed direct profit, unlicensed compensation, fraud or material deception, and finally determined unlawful discrimination as incompetent practice. The Indiana Civil Rights Commission confirms that property-management companies and housing services are within the housing-discrimination framework and identifies race, color, religion, sex, disability, national origin, ancestry, and familial status as Indiana housing protected classes.

Still open: Complete current-authority review of every exemption and employee activity under IC 25-34.1-3-2; the exact form, content, duration, termination and assignment of management agreements; authority to sign leases, compromise claims or institute proceedings; broker-company and branch supervision; property-management-specific receipt, deposit, transfer, reconciliation, disbursement, interest, shortage, stale-fund and record rules; treatment of owner reserves, rent, application money and tenant deposits; security-deposit transfers and remedies; screening reports, adverse-action notices, criminal-history standards, occupancy rules, privacy and data security; maintenance, habitability, entry, notices, rent acceptance, eviction, abandonment and retaliation; accommodation, modification and assistance-animal procedures; fair-housing exemptions, complaint forums, deadlines and remedies; vendor licensure, insurance, conflicts and referral benefits; local ordinances; company or management termination and successor handoff; discipline; and controlling decisions. No exemption, deadline, account procedure, tenant remedy or authority to act is treated as universal beyond the verified propositions.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, Indiana landlord–tenant authority, Indiana Civil Rights Commission guidance, court procedures, local requirements, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: The federal Fair Housing Act prohibits covered housing discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or disability. Current Indiana Civil Rights Commission guidance identifies race, color, religion, sex, disability, national origin, ancestry, and familial status as protected classes in housing and applies the framework to renting, buying, financing, advertising, terms, services, maintenance, and property-management activity. IC 22-9.5 supplies Indiana's fair-housing framework and prohibits specified discrimination in sale or rental, advertising, availability representations, blockbusting, disability-related conduct, residential real-estate-related transactions, and brokerage services. IC 22-9.5-6-1 and current ICRC filing guidance provide a one-year period after an alleged discriminatory housing practice occurred or terminated for filing an Indiana administrative complaint. HUD likewise states that a federal administrative allegation generally must be filed within one year of the last discriminatory act and that a federal private action generally must be filed within two years, excluding qualifying administrative-processing time. IC 22-9-7 provides Indiana emotional-support-animal rules: when disability is not readily apparent, qualifying written verification may be requested; the housing provider may not charge a fee to maintain the animal; ordinary lease compliance and repair costs for animal-caused damage may still be required as the statute allows. HUD confirms that assistance animals are not pets and qualifying requests require individualized accommodation analysis. Federal DOJ guidance confirms that covered multifamily dwellings with four or more units designed and constructed for first occupancy after March 13, 1991 are subject to specified accessible-design features. Current 876 IAC 8-2-7 treats a final determination of unlawful discrimination under IC 22-9 as incompetent real-estate practice.

Still open: Complete current-authority review of every Indiana Fair Housing Act definition, covered dwelling and transaction, statutory exemption, religious or private-club provision, housing-for-older-persons qualification, occupancy standard, advertisement rule, testing issue, harassment standard, retaliation and interference rule, burden of proof, administrative election, investigation, conciliation, hearing, civil-action, tolling, remedy, penalty, fee, appeal and judicial-review provision; the interaction among IC 22-9, IC 22-9.5, federal law and 876 IAC; every Indiana emotional-support-animal documentation, evaluation, provider, out-of-state, misrepresentation, liability and enforcement provision; federal accommodation, modification, direct-threat, assistance-animal, design-and-construction, lending, appraisal, insurance, zoning, disparate-impact and exemption rules; local protected classes and ordinances, including source-of-income protections where applicable; program-specific duties; record retention, privacy, advertising, supervision and discipline; and controlling decisions. No exemption, deadline outside the verified filing periods, remedy, local class, accommodation outcome or technical accessibility conclusion is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, Indiana Civil Rights Commission rules and guidance, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, applicable local ordinances, current federal fair-housing authority, and controlling decisions.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-3-4.5 permits a broker company to pay compensation directly to a qualifying business entity formed to receive compensation earned by an associated broker when the entity is owned solely by the broker or by the broker and an unlicensed spouse; the qualifying entity need not itself be licensed as a broker company. IC 25-34.1-10-13 requires a managing broker to develop and enforce a written agency policy, requires advice to parties about whether compensation will be shared with broker companies representing different or adverse interests, and states that payment of compensation does not itself create agency. Current 876 IAC 8-1-1 places broker-company direction, supervision and management with the managing broker. 876 IAC 8-1-7 prohibits an unlicensed assistant from negotiating or agreeing to a commission, commission split, management fee or referral fee for a broker. 876 IAC 8-1-9 permits a listing broker to offer a portion of commission as an inducement to selling brokers but requires payment to the selling broker, never directly to a broker associated with the selling broker. 876 IAC 8-1-10 requires a broker company participating in a referral service to have a written agreement with the client and a written fee agreement with cooperating brokers. 876 IAC 8-2-7 requires full written disclosure to all parties when an inducement or rebate is offered to obtain a listing or induce a sale, prohibits undisclosed direct profit on transaction expenditures, and treats payment to an unlicensed person for services requiring a license as incompetent practice. Federal antitrust authority prohibits competing brokers from agreeing on commission rates; actual compensation must be independently negotiated rather than described as fixed or standard.

Still open: Complete agreement-, recipient-, service-, transaction- and case-specific review of every required compensation term in listing and buyer-representation agreements; when compensation is earned; procuring-cause, protection-period and post-termination issues; payment to affiliated brokers, teams and entities outside the verified IC 25-34.1-3-4.5 structure; commission sharing; referral fees; rebates, credits, gifts and other inducements; required disclosures and timing; federal RESPA Section 8 and affiliated-business overlays; advertising and MLS representations; records, tax reporting and managing-broker controls; out-of-state and commercial cooperation; local association and brokerage policies; antitrust information exchanges, boycotts, market allocation, tying and fact-specific conduct; discipline; and controlling decisions. No rate, split, payment channel, rebate, referral payment, earned-compensation conclusion or antitrust result is treated as universal beyond the verified propositions.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, current federal competition authority, brokerage agreements, and controlling decisions.

Verified: Current Indiana Department of Local Government Finance guidance confirms that assessed value is the starting point for annual property-tax calculations; deductions reduce assessed value to net or taxable assessed value, while credits reduce tax liability. Indiana's circuit-breaker framework generally limits property-tax liability above 1% of gross assessed value for homesteads, 2% for other residential property and agricultural land, and 3% for other real and personal property, subject to referendum charges, statutory adjustments, classifications, and other exceptions. DLGF confirms that Indiana real-property taxes are paid in arrears, generally in two installments, and that payment is made to the county treasurer; the published 2026 due dates are May 11 and November 10 because the ordinary statutory dates can move when a date falls on a weekend or holiday. County or township assessors issue assessment information, county auditors calculate tax and administer deductions and credits, and county treasurers bill and collect. Current CFPB Regulation Z guidance confirms that, for a covered mortgage transaction, the consumer generally must receive the Closing Disclosure no later than three business days before consummation. These authorities support using official county, lender, title and settlement figures rather than treating a broker's worksheet as controlling.

Still open: Complete parcel-, taxpayer-, bill-, contract-, lender-, settlement-provider- and locality-specific review of assessment methods and dates; appeals; every exemption, deduction and credit; application and change-reporting rules; circuit-breaker classifications, referendum exclusions and calculations; special assessments; delinquency, penalty, lien and tax-sale consequences; exact billing and installment treatment; contractual tax-proration language; prior-year versus current-year estimates; closing-day ownership and day-count conventions; escrow reserves; closing and document-preparation authority; title-agent and settlement-provider duties; good-funds and disbursement requirements; payoff and release figures; settlement-statement preparation, correction and retention; federal disclosure exceptions and changed-disclosure timing; broker supervision, explanation, advertising, records and unauthorized-practice boundaries; depreciation and federal or state income-tax treatment; and controlling forms and decisions. No tax amount, eligibility conclusion, proration direction, closing-day convention, cash-to-close figure, settlement authority or tax consequence is treated as universal beyond the verified propositions.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, DLGF guidance, county procedures, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, controlling transaction forms, and federal settlement authority.

Verified: Current Indiana Professional Licensing Agency instructions identify a 90-hour approved broker prelicensing course, a $60 broker application fee, submission of the course-completion record and Pearson VUE score report, required documentation for positive responses and name changes, direct verification of other professional licenses, and proposed-employer approval when Active or Referral status is requested. An application is abandoned if all requirements are not submitted within one year after filing. Pearson VUE is Indiana's current real-estate examination vendor; its current Indiana program page provides official account creation, scheduling, test-center and handbook access. The current candidate handbook lists a 145-question, 240-minute broker examination, a scaled passing score of 75 and a $55 fee. PLA currently identifies Active, Referral, Inactive and Unassigned status-change services through MyLicense One and requires verification of the effective status and association before practice. 876 IAC 7-4-2 requires brokers licensed after June 30, 2014 to complete 30 hours of approved postlicensing education within the first two years and explains how that education satisfies the first two qualifying CE years. Current PLA guidance and 876 IAC 7-5 require 12 hours per July 1–June 30 CE year for brokers who are not inactive or otherwise waived; PLA currently identifies Active and Unassigned as requiring CE for renewal and Inactive and Referral as not requiring routine CE for renewal. At least four of the annual 12 hours must be managing-broker education in a year when the broker functions as a managing broker. PLA's managing-broker pathway requires at least three years holding an active Indiana broker license, a 24-hour managing-broker course and passage of the required Pearson VUE examination. Indiana currently reports no real-estate reciprocity agreements and instead uses endorsement review; an approved endorsement applicant must pass the Indiana state exam portion. PLA's current reinstatement instructions distinguish expiration of at least three years, requiring 36 hours of CE and the state exam portion, from expiration of at least nine years, requiring the 90-hour prelicense course and both exam portions, subject to Commission review and additional requirements.

Still open: Complete statute-, rule-, applicant-, education-year-, status- and date-specific review of minimum age and diploma equivalency; school and course approval; delivery method, attendance, course examination and completion-certificate rules; one-year course-to-exam period and failed-portion treatment; every candidate-handbook identification, security, accommodation, cancellation, rescheduling, retake and score-report rule; exam and processing fees; criminal-history, discipline, diploma and positive-response review; application denial and appeal; license issuance and effective authority; every Active, Unassigned, Referral and Inactive activity restriction; association, transfer, activation and termination timing; postlicensing exemptions, content, provider and reporting requirements; CE waivers, approved subjects, attendance, carryover, duplicate-course, audit, certificate-retention and deficiency rules; renewal cycle, deadlines, late renewal and fees; managing-broker experience calculation, course, exam, eligibility, designation and CE; endorsement equivalency; reinstatement for every expiration interval; military, veteran and other special provisions; records, notices, discipline and controlling decisions. No fee, vendor rule, deadline, status outcome, endorsement result or reinstatement requirement is treated as permanent outside the cited current-source snapshot.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, official PLA licensing instructions, and the current examination candidate handbook.

Verified: Current 876 IAC 8-1-1 places direction, supervision and management of a broker company with its managing broker and makes that managing broker primarily responsible to the Commission for company actions. 876 IAC 8-1-7 prohibits unlicensed assistants from specified licensed activities, including showing property, explaining leases, conducting open houses, and negotiating commission, commission splits, management fees or referral fees. 876 IAC 8-1-8 requires advertising to identify the broker company and requires written owner authorization before property is advertised for rent or lease. 876 IAC 8-1-9 routes an offered cooperative commission to the selling broker rather than directly to an affiliated broker. 876 IAC 8-1-10 requires written client and cooperating-broker fee agreements for referral-service participation. IC 25-34.1-4-5 requires broker companies to place others' funds in clearly identified trust accounts, exclude personal and other business funds, and maintain detailed beneficiary-level records; 876 IAC 8-1-13 requires a federally insured account and an account summary during an authorized investigation. IC 25-34.1-10-10 requires a seller's or landlord's representative to treat prospective buyers or tenants honestly, exercise reasonable care and skill, present offers timely unless waived in writing, avoid knowingly false information, and disclose actually known adverse material physical facts or risks that a reasonable timely inspection could not discover, while imposing no independent inspection duty. IC 25-34.1-10-13 requires a managing broker's written agency policy, disclosure of whether compensation will be shared with broker companies representing different or adverse interests, and confirms that compensation alone does not create agency. Current IC 25-34.1-12 requires written listing and buyer-representation agreements with definite expiration dates and delivery of a copy to the client within three business days. 876 IAC 8-2-7 identifies specified incompetent-practice patterns including failure to account for others' funds, undisclosed direct profit, compensation to an unlicensed person for licensed services, fraud or material deception, and a final unlawful-discrimination determination. Current PLA guidance confirms written listing and buyer agency agreements and provides official status and association-change services through MyLicense One.

Still open: Complete section-level review of every duty for seller, landlord, buyer, tenant, limited-agency and nonclient relationships; material-adverse-fact definitions and fact-specific disclosure outcomes; confidentiality and post-termination duties; offer-waiver form and scope; every representation-agreement term, amendment, termination, electronic-delivery and record-retention rule; team, assumed-name, platform and prominence advertising requirements; earnest-money receipt, deposit timing, designated holder, disputed-fund and release procedure; record duration and audit access; status and association changes; reportable events and deadlines; investigation cooperation; complaint initiation, notice, hearing, burden and standard of proof; every available sanction, civil penalty, restitution, probation, suspension, revocation, reinstatement and appeal right; unauthorized-practice-of-law boundaries; pending rulemaking; and controlling Indiana decisions. No unverified deadline, procedure, sanction or fact-specific outcome is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, 876 IAC, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, official forms, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-10-9.5 establishes Indiana's default agency framework for a licensee working with an individual, subject to a written agreement to the contrary or qualifying assistance to a customer without compensation. IC 25-34.1-10-10 and 10-11 establish duties for seller or landlord and buyer or tenant representatives, including lawful loyalty, timely presentation, disclosure to the client, expert referral beyond the licensee's expertise, timely accounting, reasonable care and skill, legal compliance, honesty toward the other side, protection of specified confidential information, and defined limits on independent inspection or investigation duties. IC 25-34.1-10-12 permits limited agency only with every party's written consent and prescribes disclosures concerning the transaction, adverse interests, protected information and negotiating positions, nonimputation of knowledge, the right to refuse, and voluntary informed consent. IC 25-34.1-10-13 requires a managing broker to develop and enforce a written agency policy, requires advice about compensation sharing with broker companies representing different or adverse interests, and confirms that compensation alone does not create agency. IC 25-34.1-12-1 and 12-2 require listing authority and authority to represent a buyer or tenant to be written on paper or electronically, state a definite expiration date, be copied to the owner, buyer, or tenant within three business days after signing, and have originals and electronic files retained in the applicable broker's office. Current PLA guidance confirms the written-agreement mandate. Federal EPA and HUD guidance confirms that covered pre-1978 housing transactions use a separate lead-based-paint disclosure process rather than treating an agency form as a substitute.

Still open: Complete section-level review of every agency definition, default, exception and customer-assistance duty; broker-company and affiliated-licensee imputation; all limited-agency form, timing, withdrawal and implementation issues; personal-interest transactions; termination and surviving confidentiality; agreement compensation, amendment, cancellation, protection periods, electronic delivery, signatures, exact retention duration and audit access; every current Commission, association and brokerage form; residential-sales-disclosure coverage, exemptions, timing, amendments, remedies and 2025 form changes; federal lead-based-paint exemptions, timing and record requirements; supervision, discipline, civil remedies, pending rulemaking and controlling Indiana decisions. No unverified form, deadline beyond the verified three-business-day copy rule, retention duration, exemption, or fact-specific outcome is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, 876 IAC, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, official forms, federal disclosure law, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-4-1 makes a broker company and its managing broker responsible under the article for the actions of brokers associated with the company and requires a company with two or more separate offices to notify the Commission of the broker managing each office. IC 25-34.1-4-2 requires a partnership, corporation, or limited liability company acting as a broker company to designate a qualified managing broker who is primarily responsible to the Commission for company actions. Current 876 IAC 8-1-1 requires every broker company to be directed, supervised, and managed by its managing broker; makes the sole proprietor the managing broker of a sole-proprietor company; and makes the designated or sole-proprietor managing broker primarily responsible to the Commission for company actions. 876 IAC 8-1-2 requires a branch office to have a branch manager, requires branch registration before opening, and requires notice when the branch manager changes or an associated broker transfers between company branches. Current PLA guidance requires three years holding an active Indiana broker license, a 24-hour managing-broker course, and passage of the required examination for eligibility; a broker company must designate an active Indiana broker with managing-broker eligibility, while a branch may designate an active associated broker or the company managing broker. PLA currently routes reassignment, status change, employer approval, activation, and removal after employment through MyLicense One and requires associated brokers to be reassigned or removed before a company closes. 876 IAC 8-1-7 limits specified tasks of unlicensed assistants and places responsibility for their use with the supervising broker. 876 IAC 8-1-8 places advertising under the direct supervision and name of the broker company, requires clear company identity when a broker is named subject to its limited-electronic-display rule, and requires written owner or authorized-agent consent before advertising property. 876 IAC 8-1-13 and 8-1-14 address broker-company trust-account information and broker cooperation with an authorized investigation. Current PLA guidance and 876 IAC 7-5 require four of the annual twelve continuing-education hours to be managing-broker education in a year when the broker functions as a managing broker.

Still open: Complete section-level review of managing-broker residence and multi-company limitations; sole-proprietor, entity, branch, office and place-of-business rules; the exact supervision standard and delegation consequences; office-policy content beyond the verified written agency policy; team and assumed-name oversight; every permitted and prohibited unlicensed-staff task; agency, offer and transaction review; trust-fund reconciliation, shortages and release; record creation, location, format, access, review and retention; remote work, cybersecurity, vendors and AI; complaint, investigation, reporting and corrective-action duties; every reassignment, termination, managing-broker or branch-manager change, company or branch closure, continuity and notice deadline; managing-broker continuing-education exceptions and documentation; discipline, sanctions, civil responsibility, pending rulemaking and controlling Indiana decisions. No unverified deadline, delegation defense, liability allocation, or corrective-action result is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, 876 IAC, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, official PLA licensing and transfer instructions, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: IC 25-34.1-4-5 requires each broker company to maintain one or more clearly identified interest- or noninterest-bearing trust accounts; deposit all funds belonging to others that come into the broker company's or associated broker's possession; include earnest money, closing escrows, undisbursed sale proceeds and all other funds belonging to others; exclude personal and other business funds; keep detailed records identifying funds and accrued interest for each beneficiary; and hold earned interest for the beneficiary. Upon specified death, company termination, or company-license expiration, revocation or suspension, the Commission takes custody of the trust accounts and may appoint a successor trustee. Current 876 IAC 8-1-13 requires a broker company collecting money in regulated activity to establish an escrow or trust account at a federally insured financial institution and provide a detailed account summary during an authorized Commission or Attorney General investigation. 876 IAC 8-2-2 requires immediate communication of written offers and, on or before the next two banking days after final acceptance, deposit of transaction money into the listing broker's trust account or with the recipient identified in the purchase agreement. The broker holding deposited money is responsible for it. Noncash earnest money other than cash, check or equivalent must be disclosed to the seller before acceptance and shown in the earnest-money receipt. Funds remain in the designated account until properly authorized. When a transaction is not consummated, the rule recognizes mutual release, court order, contract instructions and, when the contract is silent, a certified-mail proposal followed by sixty days in which the parties may release or litigate before distribution to the party identified in the notice. 876 IAC 8-1-9 routes an offered cooperative commission to the selling broker rather than directly to its affiliated broker. 876 IAC 8-1-10 requires written client and cooperating-broker fee agreements for referral-service participation. 876 IAC 8-2-7 treats compensation to an unlicensed person for licensed services as incompetent practice and requires full written disclosure to all parties for specified inducements or rebates used to obtain a listing or induce a sale.

Still open: Complete section-level review of trust-account titles and authorized signers; permitted minimum broker funds for service charges; beneficiary interest instructions; receipt records and deposits before final acceptance; rejected and withdrawn offers; electronic and noncash funds; journals and beneficiary ledgers; required reconciliation frequency, method and review; bank fees; shortages, overages and corrective reporting; stale checks and abandoned property; rents, deposits, owner reserves and property-management money; every disbursement, mutual-release, court-order, certified-mail, litigation and interpleader prerequisite; record categories, retention periods, electronic storage and audit access; company transfer, closure and successor-custody procedure; compensation entities and channels, team splits, referrals outside the verified referral-service rule, rebates, credits, gifts and incentives; affiliated-business and federal RESPA requirements; out-of-state payments; departing-broker compensation; disclosures, discipline, remedies, pending rulemaking and controlling Indiana decisions. No unverified accounting procedure, retention period, compensation structure or fact-specific distribution outcome is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, 876 IAC Article 8, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, official forms, federal settlement law, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: Current 876 IAC 8-1-8 places all advertising under the direct supervision and in the name of the broker company. Displays, classified advertising, signs, internet advertising and business cards carrying an associated broker's name must clearly identify the broker company. Broker-company advertising must reveal the company name as licensed or its publicly known name. Internet, television and radio advertising carrying an associated broker's name must carry the licensed or publicly known company name, subject to a limited-information electronic-display exception when inclusion is impractical and the display links to one containing the company name. The rule prohibits advertising that indicates property is offered by a private party not engaged in real estate; prohibits advertising using only a post-office box, telephone number or street address; and prohibits advertising or offering property for sale, lease or rent without written owner or authorized-agent consent. Current 876 IAC 8-1-7 bars an unlicensed assistant from preparing promotional materials or advertisements without supervising-broker approval and restricts specified licensed functions. 876 IAC 8-2-7 treats specified inducements or rebates without full written disclosure to all parties at offer or acceptance, undisclosed direct transaction profit, compensation to an unlicensed person for licensed services, fraud or material deception, and a final unlawful-discrimination determination as incompetent practice. The federal Fair Housing Act prohibits covered discriminatory advertising. Current FTC endorsement guidance requires truthful endorsements and disclosure of material connections, while the Consumer Reviews and Testimonials Rule addresses specified fake, false, purchased or suppressed reviews. Federal antitrust authority prohibits competing brokerages from agreeing on commission rates or other pricing terms. RESPA Regulation X section 1024.14 prohibits a thing of value for referral of covered settlement-service business and unearned fee splits while preserving specified payments for actual services and qualifying real-estate brokerage arrangements; section 1024.15 regulates affiliated-business arrangements.

Still open: Complete section-level review of every Indiana advertising definition and channel; licensed, publicly known and assumed names; branch, team, licensee and credential identification; prominence, abbreviation and linked-display implementation; property-status updates and takedown timing; guarantees, comparative and performance claims; testimonial, review and influencer use; every inducement, rebate, gift, drawing and compensation disclosure; personal-interest advertising; approval and record retention; virtual staging and AI content; privacy, data security, email, text and telephone consent; copyright, trademark and listing-data rights; federal fair-housing wording, images, targeting and routing; antitrust information exchange, boycott, market-allocation and tying fact patterns; RESPA marketing-service, affiliated-business and actual-service valuation; supervision, discipline, remedies, pending rulemaking and controlling decisions. No unverified platform implementation, deadline, safe harbor, required form, or fact-specific outcome is treated as universal.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, 876 IAC Article 8, Indiana Real Estate Commission rules and guidance, current federal consumer-protection, fair-housing, antitrust, settlement-services, privacy, communications, and intellectual-property authority, and controlling decisions.

Verified: The integrated review is consistent with the current-authority findings recorded for Chapters 1–36. Current PLA and Commission materials support the 90-hour prelicensing pathway, Pearson VUE as the examination vendor, Active, Unassigned, Referral and Inactive status options, MyLicense One reassignment and status-change workflow, 30 hours of postlicensing education within the first two years for a broker issued after June 30, 2014, and generally 12 hours of approved continuing education per continuing-education year for brokers who are not inactive or otherwise exempt. When a broker functions as a managing broker during a continuing-education year, at least four of the twelve hours must be managing-broker education. IC 25-34.1 and 876 IAC Article 8 support the chapter's integrated treatment of written representation agreements, agency and limited agency, managing-broker supervision, broker-company advertising identity, trust-account custody, designated earnest-money procedures, compensation channels, unlicensed-assistant limits, and selected prohibited-conduct rules. Federal official authority supports the chapter's fair-housing, ECOA, RESPA, FTC advertising and antitrust distinctions.

Still open: Complete the current section-level review of every eligibility exception, course and examination procedure, application and renewal fee or deadline, character review, status restriction, education waiver, form, disclosure, agreement implementation, record-retention period, complaint and investigation procedure, sanction, remedy, pending rule, federal exception, and controlling Indiana decision. Chapter 37 is an integrated review and does not convert any unresolved item from Chapters 1–36 into a universal rule or fact-specific legal conclusion.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, 876 IAC, Indiana Real Estate Commission and PLA guidance, official forms, the current Pearson VUE candidate handbook, and controlling Indiana decisions.

Verified: Every Indiana-specific answer in the 24-question comprehensive assessment was reconciled with the partial current-authority findings recorded for Chapters 1–37. The assessment appropriately directs candidates to current official IPLA instructions for application requirements; treats an affiliated broker's disputed earnest-money duty as preservation of custody followed by the agreement, managing-broker system and verified Indiana procedure; and tests targeted remediation rather than an unverified deadline or sanction. The surrounding final-review language accurately reflects the current 90-hour prelicensing pathway, Pearson VUE examination administration, broker and managing-broker structure, written representation and limited agency, broker-company supervision and advertising identity, designated trust-account controls, education framework, compensation channels and selected prohibited-conduct rules. Federal assessment items were reconciled with official fair-housing, ECOA, RESPA and antitrust authority.

Still open: Final legal approval still requires section-level review of every unresolved item carried forward from Chapters 1–37, including exact eligibility exceptions, course and examination procedures, current fees and deadlines, status consequences, education exceptions, forms, agreement and disclosure implementation, record-retention periods, complaint and investigation processes, sanctions, remedies, pending rules, federal exceptions and controlling Indiana decisions. Passing curriculum QA does not convert this partial authority review into legal advice, school approval, or a guarantee of examination success.

Authority set: Current Indiana Code, 876 IAC, Indiana Real Estate Commission and PLA guidance, official forms, the current Pearson VUE candidate handbook, and controlling Indiana decisions.